The symposium on “Bilad al-Sham during the Ottoman Era” co-organized by IRCICA and the Ministry of Culture of Syria brought together scholarly studies on the history of the region that covered present-day Jordan, Lebanon, Palestine and Syria which has always had a significant place in the political, economic and cultural history of the Ottoman Empire. The papers were grouped under the subject headings of State and Society, Economy, Modernization, Education and Culture, Cities and Infrastructure. The discussions also addressed issues of research methodology and reference sources. The book has articles in English and Arabic.
